In its harsh native environment it can take decades to reach nut-bearing age but when cultivated the first nuts appear at about 15 years. It is a very tough tree, capable of thriving in barren stony soil. Pinus cembra, the Arolla stone pine, is native to the Alps and Carpathians, where it grows at a higher altitude than any other conifer. The nuts are quite large and flavoursome. normally forms a low spreading tree, but in harsh conditions may develop as a prostrate mat. It is closely related to the other subalpine stone pines, namely Pinus cembra, koraiensis, pumila and siberica. Pinus albicaulis, the Whitebark pine, is native to the mountains of Western Canada and Northwestern United States. On this evidence alone, any of the nut-bearing species of pine are worth a try. Its territory encompasses an astonishing range of climates. It's found in the wild state across a vast swathe of territory stretching from Scotland to within a hundred kilometres of the Pacific Ocean in Eastern Russia, and from the Arctic Ocean southwards as far as Turkey and Spain. Pinus sylvestris (Scots Pine), which is considered native to Ireland, is thought to have originated in Central Northern Asia. Of the 120 or so distinct species found worldwide, most would grow in Ireland. However, Pine Mouth has not been linked to any of the pine nut species listed above. Commercial pinenuts originating in Asia (including Eastern Russia) are sometimes adulterated with Pinus armandii. Normally the symptoms last only a few days but in severe cases they can persist for weeks, occasionally months. Pinus armandii, a pine species native to China, Bhutan and parts of Burma, is known to cause an unpleasant allergic reaction known as Pine Mouth (also called Pine Nut Syndrome). For best results plant 3-4 trees of the same species. All pinenut species are strongly outbreeding so single trees may not produce nuts. In spite of its name, Pinus pumila grows quite quickly in Ireland, much faster than the subalpine pines listed above. Pinus pumila, the dwarf Siberian pine produces small nuts suitable for production of nut oil. The subalpine pines Pinus albicaulis, Pinus koraiensis and Pinus cembra also have good potential, but are very slow to come into production. Pinus torreyana has good potential while on more sheltered sites Pinus sabinian a, Pinus Coulteri and Pinus gerardiana are worth trying. In Ireland, Pinus pinea is by far the most likely to produce regular crops of nuts. Other important nut species include Pinus cembra(Central Europe), Pinus monophylla, Pinus edulis, Pinus sabiniana, Pinus torreyana and Pinus coulteri (all southwestern United States). Economically, the most important species are Pinus pinea (Mediterranean countries), Pinus siberica (Russia and Mongolia), Pinus koraiensis (Korea and China), Pinus gerardiana (Pakistan and India) and Pinus cembroides (Mexico). The different species are well scattered: from Mexico and the United States to the Mediterranean, Central Europe and Eastern Asia. Globally, there are about twenty-five species of pine that produce nuts large enough to be considered for human food. Home Fruit Nuts Ordering Special Offers Links Workshops Opportunities News Climate Change Contact
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